Chris - The Tropical Plant Guy2022-09-09T11:56:50+00:00
Are Phormiums Frost Hardy?
Chris - The Tropical Plant Guy2022-09-09T11:56:50+00:00March 23rd, 2022|Comments Off on Are Phormiums Frost Hardy?
Phormium tenax – New Zealand Flax – Learn, Buy & Grow
Phormium tenax – New Zealand flax. Many hybrids have arisen from these species, making phormium a very widely cultivated plant in New Zealand and the rest of the world, much loved because of its hardiness and very architectural habit.
These large evergreen perennials are found in scrubby areas, as well as on hillsides and riverbanks, in areas ranging from coastal to mountainous habitats in New Zealand.
The most well-known Phormium tenax is a clump-forming perennial growing op to 4m tall by 2m wide in its native habitat, though more like 2m tall in the UK. It has rigid, upright, linear leaves up to 2-3m long that are dark green above and blue-green beneath. Stout red-purple panicles up to 4m long, of tubular dull red flowers are borne in midsummer.
Phormium tenax
Once established, Phormium tenax requires very little maintenance, just a tidy up the old lower growth a couple of times a year to keep them looking clean and tidy. A few handfuls of fertiliser around the base in the spring will keep them in good shape and colour.
They take cold winters well, though if a hard winter is forecast, the foliage can be tied up into a pyramid to protect the crown.
Phormium tenax variegata – New Zealand Flax – 150-200cm tall
Common Name: New Zealand flax
Latin name: Phormium tenax
Tenderness Rating: Hardy down to about -8C though lower if the foliage tied up for the winter, especially if also protected with horticultural fleece if exceptionally cold weather is forecast – in most winters this will not be necessary.
Ease of growing: Easy.
Position: Prefers full sun position, but will also grow well in dappled shade.
Soil Condition: dry to moist, humus rich well drained soil and respond well to a high nitrogen feed in the spring.
Other types of Phormium we cover:
Phormium Black Adder, Black Velvet, Bronze Baby, Colensoi, Cookianum, Evening Glow, Golden Ray, Jester, Maori Queen, Pink Stripe, Platts Black, Rainbow Queen / Maiden, Phormium Sundowner, Phormium Tenax, Phormium Tenax Variegatum, Yellow Wave.
Further reading:
- Are Phormiums Hardy Plants in UK Gardens?
- Grow Guide: How to look after Phormium Plants
- Cutting Back: Can Phormiums be pruned or cut back?
Where can I buy Phormium Tenax in the UK?
Phormium FAQs
Phormium Tenax: The Versatile Architectural Marvel for Your Garden
Phormium tenax, also known as New Zealand flax or harakeke, is a perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island. It's a popular choice for gardeners seeking an architectural, low-maintenance plant that can be used as a focal point or to create structure within the garden. With a wide variety of cultivars available, Phormium tenax offers gardeners countless options for designing a unique and eye-catching landscape.
In this article, we will explore the different varieties of Phormium tenax, their growing requirements, and how you can incorporate these stunning plants into your garden design.
Varieties and Types of Phormium Tenax
There are numerous varieties and types of Phormium tenax, each with its own distinct characteristics, colors, and growth habits. Here are some popular cultivars to consider for your garden:
- Phormium tenax 'Rubrum': This cultivar boasts dark red leaves that create a striking contrast against other green foliage in the garden. It can grow up to 6-8 feet tall, making it an excellent choice for a dramatic focal point or backdrop.
- Phormium tenax 'Variegatum': Known for its green and cream-striped leaves, this variety can reach heights of 5-6 feet. It adds a touch of elegance and brightness to any garden space.
- Phormium tenax 'Bronze Baby': A more compact cultivar, 'Bronze Baby' features bronze-tinged foliage that grows up to 4 feet tall. It's perfect for smaller gardens or as an accent plant in mixed borders.
- Phormium tenax 'Yellow Wave': This striking variety has green leaves with vibrant yellow stripes, reaching heights of up to 5 feet. It's an excellent choice for adding a pop of color to your garden.
- Phormium tenax 'Maori Queen': With its unique combination of green, pink, and bronze-striped leaves, this cultivar can grow up to 6 feet tall. It's a stunning addition to any garden design.
Phormium tenax Growing Requirements
Phormium tenax is a versatile plant that can tolerate a range of growing conditions. However, there are some general guidelines to follow to ensure your plants thrive:
- Soil: Plant Phormium tenax in well-draining soil. They can tolerate a variety of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils, but they prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH levels.
- Light: These plants grow best in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. In hot climates, some afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent leaf scorch.
- Water: While Phormium tenax is drought-tolerant once established, it's essential to keep the soil consistently moist during the first year. After that, you can reduce watering frequency, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between watering.
- Fertiliser: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertiliser in spring to promote healthy growth. Avoid excessive nitrogen, as this can lead to overly lush foliage at the expense of the plant's architectural form.
- Pruning: Regularly remove any dead or damaged leaves to maintain the plant's appearance. Major pruning is generally not necessary but can be done in late winter or early spring if desired.
Designing Your Garden with Phormium Tenax
Phormium tenax's architectural style makes it a versatile option for a variety of garden designs. Here are some ideas for incorporating these plants into your landscape:
- Focal Points: Use taller varieties like 'Rubrum' or 'Maori Queen' as focal points in your garden, drawing the eye and creating a sense of heightand drama.
- Borders: Plant Phormium tenax in borders to create structure and provide a backdrop for other plants. Mix and match different varieties to add interest and contrast through color and texture.
- Containers: Smaller cultivars like 'Bronze Baby' and 'Yellow Wave' can be grown in containers, allowing you to add a touch of architectural flair to patios, decks, or balconies.
- Coastal Gardens: Phormium tenax is well-suited to coastal gardens, as it tolerates salt spray and windy conditions. Use it to create windbreaks, define spaces, or as an accent plant among other coastal-tolerant species.
- Water Features: Plant Phormium tenax near water features, such as ponds or streams, to create a dramatic, architectural effect. The reflection of the plants in the water can further enhance their visual impact.
- Mass Plantings: Use Phormium tenax to create mass plantings for a bold and dynamic effect. Planting in groups of three or more can create a stunning visual impact and a sense of cohesion in your garden design.
- Wildlife Gardens: The nectar-rich flowers of Phormium tenax attract pollinators such as bees and birds, making it an excellent addition to wildlife-friendly gardens.
In conclusion, Phormium tenax is a versatile, architectural plant that can enhance any garden design. With its wide variety of cultivars and ability to thrive in various growing conditions, it's an excellent choice for gardeners seeking to create a unique and eye-catching landscape. Experiment with different varieties and planting combinations to make the most of this stunning plant in your garden.
Summary: What is Phormium tenax?
Phormium Tenax is an evergreen, perennial plant of the Asphodelaceae family that is naturally found in New Zealand and Norfolk Island. It is an herbaceous, specimen plant that is great in the ground or in pots. It was introduced into the UK in 1920.
This plant is popularly called New Zealand flax,I t is an important fibre plant that grows in an erect, clump-forming, and it is highly salt tolerant. Also, it is a fast-growing plant that can be invasive.
How big will Phormium Tenax get?
Phormium Tenax is a medium-sized plant that will ultimately reach up to 6 feet tall and 3 feet wide.
What does Phormium Tenax look like?
The leaves sprout from the base of the plant, and they are lance-shaped, green, yellow or variegated. They are stiff in the lower parts of the plant and more flexible in the upper portion.
13 feet long, showy panicles of dark red to copper-coloured flowers are born in summer but potted Phormium Tenax rarely flower.
How can I propagate my Phormium Tenax plant?
Phormium Tenax can be easily propagated from seeds and division in spring. The seeds will need to be sowed in warm soil for them to germinate.
How can I take care of my Phormium Tenax plant?
- Watering: Phormium Tenax needs lots of water during its growing season and just regular watering once it is fully established.
- Pruning: You can prune and trim your plant in spring and autumn to shape it if required (we don't) Remove any damaged, dead, dying or diseased leaves. You can also cut your plant down to ground level if it has been killed by cold, which will boost new growth.
- Hardiness: Hardy in the UK for most gardens. This plant can either be tender to the UK hardiness zone (H3) or hardy in the zone (H4). You might need to protect your plant from intense periods of cold.